ABZU：（二）.对游戏背景故事的探究

前篇https://cowlevel.net/article/1830790

后篇https://cowlevel.net/article/1831338

按page down6-7次之间，可看到精炼内容。

想了想，这一篇还是先讲一讲ABZU的背景故事的来源，也就是Enûma Eliš的第一块泥板的内容。

从各种来源来看，无论是wiki[1]还是百度百科[2]，又或是其他来源[3,4]，其英文翻译均为在1902年由L. W. King翻译稿[5]。这个翻译一直都非常经典，以至于在1999年和2002年均再出版，但是毕竟早年对文物的处理可能并不是完美，以及后来一些技术的进步和新副本的发现，早年的泥板内容并不一定能代表现在对这个故事的理解。我找了一份1921年出版的原始内容，对楔形文字感兴趣的可以看我文后refrence里给的链接，可以看到很多部分模糊缺失[6]：

而且由于使用的英语词汇比较老式，语义可能跟现在也不尽相同，所以在这种情况下，我又检索到了另一个版本。即由W. G. Lambert在2007年出版的

Enuma Elish (The Babylonian Epic of Creation)

的翻译内容[7]。这本书在https://www.eisenbrauns.com/ECOM/_4PC07JFDI.HTM上面有售卖。由于我来不及拿到实体书，以及这书好贵，我们可以通过目录来看看里面的大概内容： https://www.eisenbrauns.com/assets/NBRF/L/LAMMESOPO.PDF。

可以看到除了对书的翻译以外，还有很多别的神话故事。如果有人买了的话请务必分享给我看，大谢。因为毕竟电子版可能有些错误。

文字最后我会附上截选的第一块泥板的英文内容，有兴趣的可以去看看。

总共162行，比L.W.King版本多了20行，并且68-82行也补充上了，缺失部分非常少。至于文学性上，可能没有L.W.King版本那么有味道，但是好歹学界认可的阿卡德语学家。鉴于中译版本都是基于L.W.King版，而这版本我还没有发现中文翻译（如果有请务留言发在下面），我就用三脚猫功夫自行翻译一下。前方高能，慎入（[...]为缺失部分）

翻译内容

当上方的天空还不存在的时候，当下面的土地也未诞生的时候，Apsû，为其首，为其父，造物主Tia-mat，为其母，他们将他们的水混合，诞下了天地。在草地形成之前、芦苇地也无处可寻之时，当众神皆无形，或是已经有形但命运尚未注定之时，众神在其混合的水中诞生：Lahmu（h下面应该为类似û上的方的折）和Lahamu形成并诞生，成长成人；Anšar及Kišar也被创造，能力更甚于前。日复一日，年复一年，Anu诞生了。Anu为Anšar和Kišar之子，能与其父辈相争，能匹敌Anšar。之后Nudimmud诞生，Anu为其父。Nudimmud胜过所有其众父辈，拥有深刻的洞察力，智慧，和强大的力量，更比其父之父Kišar强上许多。Nudimmud在其**——那些神——之中没有敌手。

这些**神汇聚到一起，越来越放肆喧闹，将Tia-mat变得混乱。他们搅得Tia-mat心烦，在Anduruna（苏美尔语词汇，可翻译为天上的住所，可能指的是众神之所[8]）中肆无忌惮的玩耍，到处出现了危机。Apsû无法减少他们的不安分，Tia-mat面对他们时也沉默。他们的行为使她不满，但她仍愿宽恕他们。于是Apsû，伟大的众神之父，叫来了Mummu，他的大臣。他对Mummu说：“大臣Mummu，你是能悦我心的人。随我去找Tia-mat。”他们去了，然后坐下，面对Tia-mat。他们谈论着神，他们的后代们。Apsû先开口，对Tia-mat说道：“他们的行为已使我不悦，致我日不能歇，夜不能寐。我要毁灭他们，这样重回平静，我们便能安歇。”当Tia-mat闻及此，怒而对其丈夫大叫，她在不幸中哭泣，也对自己发火，她为这起有预谋的邪恶感到难过：“他们有你我的血脉，你怎么忍心毁灭他们？虽然他们的行为带来了不幸，我们也要慈祥的管教他们。”Mummu对Apsû建议道——从一个像是叛乱的大丞嘴里说出来的建议：“请毁灭，我主，毁灭那无序的生活。这样便昼能歇夜能眠。”Apsû对他很满意，他面带微笑，因为他将谋害神——他的子孙们。Mummu手臂环绕Apsû的脖子，坐在他的膝盖上，亲吻了他噫。

他们聚会中谋划的内容，被报告给了他们的子孙，那些神们。众神听到这些内容，都发疯了似的。他们勉强让自己安静下来，静静的坐着。Ea（即是Nudimmud[9]），他在知识、技能和博学方面非常杰出，他知道所有的事情，他已经看穿了他们的诡计。他塑造了（一个东西）并使他包罗万象，他富有技巧的用他至高无上的纯净的咒语。他吟诵着将之设入水中，他趁着Apsû沉睡之时将睡眠倾覆在他身上。他倾倒睡眠，他将Apsû置于深眠，而Mummu，那个大臣，因为激动而气喘吁吁。他（Ea）撕开了Apsû的筋，扯下了他的王冠，拿走了他的光环，并放到了自己身上。他制住了Apsû并杀了他，将Mummu制服并粗暴的操纵他。他将住处设在Apsû身上，抓着Mummu，手里握着他的鼻绳。在Ea制服并杀害他的敌人之后，他取得了胜利，安静的在房间内休息。他将这里称为Apsû，将之设为自己的神殿。然后他在这里设置了生活区，而Ea和Damkina——他的妻子——坐在这富丽堂皇中。

在这命运之室，原型之房内，智中最智，众神之圣，Be-l（不清楚是l还是I，按照电子版原文为l，意义不明）在孕育之中。Marduk出生在Apsû，Marduk出生在这纯净的Apsû中。Ea为其生父，Damkina为其生母。他吮吸女神的乳房，一个护士抚养他并使他充满恐惧。他的身材发达，他的眼神夺目，他的成长富有男子气概，他从一开始就是强大的。他父亲的生父Anu看到他，欢腾的笑了；他的内心充满欢喜。Anu使他变得完美：他神性显著，异常崇高，在属性上超越了他们。他的身体部位如此的美妙，以至于无法用思维来捕捉，甚至无法直目视。他有四只眼睛，四只耳朵，他动嘴唇时便能喷出火焰。他的耳朵很大，他的眼睛也能看到所有的东西。他崇高且远超其他神，他的四肢卓越，他的本性极好。“Mari-utu, Mari-utu, 子，太阳，——神，太阳——众神之神。”他被十神的光环笼罩，他的力量也被这些光环加强。五十种恐惧被加在他身上。

Anu制造了四种风，将它们交给了他：“我的孩子，让他们旋转！”他造出灰尘并制造了飓风来驱使它们，他手一挥，用它们去让Tia-mat惊慌失措。Tia-mat陷入混乱，日夜疯狂。神们无法休息，他们[...]。（不明）在他们心中，是他们内心策划了邪恶，然后对他们的母亲Tia-mat说到：“当Apsû，你的丈夫，被杀的时候，你没有站在他那边，而是静静的坐着。这四个可怕的风就是制造出来让你混乱的，而我们也无法入睡。你一点也不想想Apsû，你的配偶，也不想想Mummu，一个阶下囚。你独自一人坐在这里，从此你将陷入疯狂的混乱！而对于我们，我们这些无法休息的人，你也不爱我们！考虑我们的负担，我们的眼睛都是空洞的。打破我们身上的这无法除掉的束缚让我们可以睡觉。进行战斗，为他们复仇！[...]减少到虚无！”

Tia-mat听到了，这番话取悦了她，她说：“让我们创造恶魔吧，就如你们建议的一样。”众神围绕到她身边，他们谋划着邪恶来对抗他们的生父（Anu）。他们[...]选择了站在Tia-mat这边。激烈密谋，日夜不停，渴望着战斗、肆虐、风暴，众神推选了一名主持人以实现战斗。（那就是）Mother Hubur（指的应该就是Tia-mat），形成了万物的她提供不可阻挡的武器，并生产下巨蛇。这些巨蛇拥有锋利的牙齿，并且冷酷无情...。她用毒药代替了蛇体内的鲜血。她使之看起来令人畏惧，给它们光环使它们显得神圣。她说：“让旁观者无力的灭亡。愿他们永远向前，永不停息。”她创造了九头蛇、龙、多毛的英雄（已查证即Lahmu）、大恶魔、恶狗、和蝎人、恶魔、鱼人、和牛人，这些残酷武器的持有者，面对战争时毫无畏惧。她的命令之强，无人能抵抗。她一共创造了十一个种怪物。在众神之中，她的子辈，推选其作为主持的人中，她提拔了Qingu，并赞颂他。军队的领导、主持的方向、武器的承载、参战战役、战前的动员、战斗的首席执行官、最高统帅，她（Mother Hubur）将这些全委托给了他（Qingu），并让他登上了王座：“我已为你施法，并在众神的主持会议中提拔了你。我已将众神的支配权交给了你。你已被真正提拔，我的爱人，你已闻名。请让你的命令传遍整个Anunnaki。”她将命运之板给了他，并帮他绑在胸前（，说道）：“你的命令不可以更改。愿你出口之言不变。”当Qingu被提拔，并获得了Anu的能力之后，他对众神——她的子辈们——的命运下了指令：”愿你们口中之言征服火神，愿你们积累的药毒平定战乱。”

翻译结束

简而言之。故事大概就是：宇宙之初，只有两个原始神，一个是Apsû，另一个是Tia-mat。他们俩将各自的水放到一起，繁衍了后代，后代又繁衍了一堆乱七八糟的新神。其中有个叫Anu，生了个儿子叫EA划掉，Ea。由于这些神整体惹事搞得神界不安分，Apsû叫上大臣Mummu，跟Tia-mat商量毁灭掉后来创造出来的神。Tia-mat不同意，但是大臣Mummu使Apsû下了决心。消息不胫而走，Ea早已看穿了一切，杀掉了Apsû，囚禁Mummu，在Apsû的尸体上居住，并将此地命名为Apsû。Ea与妻Damkina生下Marduk， Anu造四种风让Marduk玩。Marduk拿它们去骚扰Tia-mat， 同时搞得别的神不能睡觉，于是别的神去找Tia-mat希望能复仇。Tia-mat创造了诸如恶魔九头蛇之类的生物，提拔了其中的Qingu作为领导者，并将命运之板赐给他，让他带领复仇之战。

至于之前为何会认为Mother Hubur即Tia-mat，原因是：由于Enûma Eliš为阿卡德语所写，所以无法判断。但是：1.描述万物为其所创造，故应该是创世神之一，由于Apsû已死，所以剩下的Tia-mat可能性最大。当然，由于我对众神定位比较混乱，也不能排除别的又创造万物能力的神。2.在苏美尔语中，Hubur=river，netherworld，watercourse。而Tia-mat又有似被称为Ummu-Hubur的文本。3.同时Tia-mat原本象征着繁殖能力，而Habur这个形近词本身便有source of fertility，繁殖力来源的意思。

下面是我为了更好的理解，所做出的灵魂画作：

捋完了故事，下个坑再捋个人理解的故事和游戏的关系吧。。。可能顺便讲一下神明的象征。

更新：前面的十一种怪物，找到了更多的参考资料来进行更正：
 Bašmu (“Venomous Snake”), Ušumgallu(“Great Dragon”), Mušmaḫḫū (“Exalted Serpent”), Mušḫuššu (“Furious Snake”), Laḫmu (the “Hairy One”), Ugallu (the “Big Weather-Beast”), Uridimmu (“Mad Lion”), Girtablullû (“Scorpion-Man"), Umū dabrūtu (“Violent Storms"),Kulullû (“Fish-Man") and Kusarikku (“Bull-Man”).[10]

即剧毒之蛇Bašmu，巨龙Ušumgallu，巨蟒Mušmaḫḫū，怒蛇Mušḫuššu，Laḫmu（其子，就是前面说的多毛的英雄=。=），Ugallu（为狮首人身的风暴恶魔），人首狮身（与Ugallu正好相反）Uridimmu，蝎人Girtablullû，Umū dabrūtu（具体形象未知），鱼人（上半身为人，下半身为鱼尾）Kulullû和牛人（上半身为人，腿为牛后腿）Kusarikku。（形象来源为wiki，11个搜索词条即可）

REFERENCES

[1]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/En%C3%BBma_Eli%C5%A1

[2]. http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=mjwdLg7UfXuT2p7e43kKFulE4OiU93D4Th-e8YJEVvO0o8j02cSAa_8aQWYHQE_7JNoE9AtWkb4Q_espaffC4K

[3]. http://king-of-heroes.co.uk/enuma-elish/the-first-tablet/

[4].http://www.sacred-texts.com/ane/stc/stc04.htm

[5]. L. W. King, Enûma Eliš: The Seven Tablets of Creation, London (1902)

[6].P. ANTONIUS DEIMEL S. I etc., ENUMA ELIS, SIVE EPOS BABYLONICUM DE CREATIONE MDND, http://etana.org/sites/default/files/coretexts/20145.pdf

[7]. http://etana.org/node/581

[8]. Anduruna is a Sumerian word that can be translated ‘Heavenly abode’, and probably refers to the home of the gods. http://www.creationmyths.org/enumaelish-babylonian-creation/

[9]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enki

[10]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiamat

Tablet I

1~When the heavens above did not exist,
2~And earth beneath had not come into being—
3~There was Apsû, the first in order, their begetter,
4~And demiurge Tia-mat, who gave birth to them all（我这里更倾向于原来翻译的both，即haven和earth两者，这里可能由于heaven用了复数，所以用all）;
5~They had mingled their waters together
6~Before meadow-land had coalesced and reed-bed was to he（怀疑是be误打） found —
7~When not one of the gods had been formed
8~Or had come into being, when no destinies had been decreed,
9~The gods were created within them:
10~Lah(mu（应为Lahmu，h下面有一横） and Lah(amu（同理，应为Lahamu） were formed and came into being.
11~While they grew and increased in stature
12~Anšar and Kišar, who excelled them, were created.
13~They prolonged their days, they multiplied their years.
14~Anu, their son, could rival his fathers.
15~Anu, the son, equalled Anšar,
16~And Anu begat Nudimmud, his own equal.
17~Nudimmud was the champion among his fathers:
18~Profoundly discerning, wise, of robust strength;
19~Very much stronger than his father's begetter, Anšar
20~He had no rival among the gods, his brothers.
21~The divine brothers came together,
22~Their clamour got loud, throwing Tia-mat into a turmoil.
23~They jarred the nerves of Tia-mat,
24~And by their dancing they spread alarm in Anduruna.
25~Apsû did not diminish their clamour,
26~And Tia-mat was silent when confronted with them.（此处与另一个版本相反，应该是原始文字完善之后的改变）
27~Their conduct was displeasing to her,
28~Yet though their behaviour was not good, she wished to spare them.
29~Thereupon Apsû, the begetter of the great gods,
30~Called Mummu, his vizier, and addressed him,
31~"Vizier Mummu, who gratifies my pleasure,
32~Come, let us go to Tia-mat!"
33~They went and sat, facing Tia-mat,
34~As they conferred about the gods, their sons.
35~Apsû opened his mouth
36~And addressed Tia-mat
37~"Their behaviour has become displeasing to me
38~And I cannot rest in the day-time or sleep at night.
39~I will destroy and break up their way of life
40~That silence may reign and we may sleep."
41~When Tia-mat heard this
42~She raged and cried out to her spouse,
43~She cried in distress, fuming within herself,
44~She grieved over the (plotted) evil,
45~"How can we destroy what we have given birth to?
46~Though their behaviour causes distress, let us tighten discipline graciously."
47~Mummu spoke up with counsel for Apsû—
48~(As from) a rebellious vizier was the counsel of his Mummu—
49~"Destroy, my father, that lawless way of life,
50~That you may rest in the day-time and sleep by night!"
51~Apsû was pleased with him, his face beamed
52~Because he had plotted evil against the gods, his sons.
53~Mummu put his arms around Apsû's neck,
54~He sat on his knees kissing him.
55~What they plotted in their gathering
56~Was reported to the gods, their sons.
57~The gods heard it and were frantic.
58~They were overcome with silence and sat quietly.
59~Ea, who excels in knowledge, the skilled and learned,
60~Ea, who knows everything, perceived their tricks.
61~He fashioned it and made it to be all-embracing,
62~He executed it skilfully as supreme—his pure incantation.
63~He recited it and set it on the waters,
64~He poured sleep upon him as he was slumbering deeply.
65~He put Apsû to slumber as he poured out sleep,
66~And Mummu, the counsellor, was breathless with agitation.
67~He split (Apsû's) sinews, ripped off his crown,
68~Carried away his aura and put it on himself.
69~He bound Apsû and killed him;
70~Mummu he confined and handled roughly.
71~He set his dwelling upon Apsû,
72~And laid hold on Mummu, keeping the nose-rope in his hand.
73~After Ea had bound and slain his enemies,
74~Had achieved victory over his foes,
75~He rested quietly in his chamber,
76~He called it Apsû, whose shrines he appointed.
77~Then he founded his living-quarters within it,
78~And Ea and Damkina, his wife, sat in splendour.
79~In the chamber of the destinies, the room of the archetypes,
80~The wisest of the wise, the sage of the gods, Be-l was conceived.
81~In Apsû was Marduk born,
82~In pure Apsû was Marduk born.
83~Ea his father begat him,
84~Damkina his mother bore him.
85~He sucked the breasts of goddesses,
86~A nurse reared him and filled him with terror.
87~His figure was well developed, the glance of his eyes was dazzling,
88~His growth was manly, he was mighty from the beginning.
89~Anu, his father's begetter, saw him,
90~He exulted and smiled; his heart filled with joy.
91~Anu rendered him perfect: his divinity was remarkable,
92~And he became very lofty, excelling them in his attributes.
93~His members were incomprehensibly wonderful,
94~Incapable of being grasped with the mind, hard even to look on.
95~Four were his eyes, four his ears,
96~Flame shot forth as he moved his lips.
97~His four ears grew large,
93~And his eyes likewise took in everything.
99~His figure was lofty and superior in comparison with the gods,
100~His limbs were surpassing, his nature was superior.
101~'Mari-utu, Mari-utu,
102~The Son, the Sun-god, the Sun-god of the gods.'
103~He was clothed with the aura of the Ten Gods, so exalted was his strength,
104~The Fifty Dreads were loaded upon him.
105~Anu formed and gave birth to the four winds,
106~He delivered them to him, "My son, let them whirl!"
107~He formed dust and set a hurricane to drive it,
108~He made a wave to bring consternation on Tia-mat.
109~Tia-mat was confounded; day and night she was frantic.
110~The gods took no rest, they . . . . . . .
111~In their minds they plotted evil,
112~And addressed their mother Tia-mat,
113~"When Apsû, your spouse, was killed,
114~You did not go at his side, but sat quietly.
115~The four dreadful winds have been fashioned
116~To throw you into confusion, and we cannot sleep.
117~You gave no thought to Apsû, your spouse,
113~Nor to Mummu, who is a prisoner. Now you sit alone.
119~Henceforth you will be in frantic consternation!
120~And as for us, who cannot rest, you do not love us!
121~Consider our burden, our eyes are hollow.
122~Break the immovable yoke that we may sleep.
123~Make battle, avenge them!
124~[ . . ] . . . . reduce to nothingness!
125~Tia-mat heard, the speech pleased her,
126~(She said,) "Let us make demons, [as you] have advised."
127~The gods assembled within her.
128~They conceived [evil] against the gods their begetters.
129~They . . . . . and took the side of Tia-mat,
130~Fiercely plotting, unresting by night and day,
131~Lusting for battle, raging, storming,
132~They set up a host to bring about conflict.
133~Mother H(ubur, who forms everything,
134~Supplied irresistible weapons, and gave birth to giant serpents.
135~They had sharp teeth, they were merciless . . . .
136~With poison instead of blood she filled their bodies.
137~She clothed the fearful monsters with dread,
138~She loaded them with an aura and made them godlike.
139~(She said,) "Let their onlooker feebly perish,
140~May they constantly leap forward and never retire."
141~She created the Hydra, the Dragon, the Hairy Hero
142~The Great Demon, the Savage Dog, and the Scorpion-man,
143~Fierce demons, the Fish-man, and the Bull-man,
144~Carriers of merciless weapons, fearless in the face of battle.
145~Her commands were tremendous, not to be resisted.
146~Altogether she made eleven of that kind.
147~Among the gods, her sons, whom she constituted her host,
148~She exalted Qingu, and magnified him among them.
149~The leadership of the army, the direction of the host,
150~The bearing of weapons, campaigning, the mobilization of conflict,
151~The chief executive power of battle, supreme command,
152~She entrusted to him and set him on a throne,
153~"I have cast the spell for you and exalted you in the host of the gods,
154~I have delivered to you the rule of all the gods.
155~You are indeed exalted, my spouse, you are renowned,
156~Let your commands prevail over all the Anunnaki."
157~She gave him the Tablet of Destinies and fastened it to his breast,
158~(Saying) "Your order may not be changed; let the utterance of your mouth be firm."
159~After Qingu was elevated and had acquired the power of Anuship,
160~He decreed the destinies for the gods, her sons:
161~"May the utterance of your mouths subdue the fire-god,
162~May your poison by its accumulation put down aggression."